Tuesday 1 August 2023

Some myths about farmers in India

There are many misconceptions and myths regarding the farmers in India. Here I will try to bust some of them.

Myth#1. Farmers don't pay any tax.

Reality: Farmers, like anybody else, pay all the taxes (like GST for the items they buy, including the things used for farming), except Income Tax. However, 99% of the farmers (I mean the farmers who don't have any other source of income) don't make enough profit to pay income tax. There still are a few farmers who earn more. They fall in the following three categories:

1) Farmers who make large profit occasionally - like during the spike in the price of tomato/onion etc. In this case we don't hear about the losses they incurred in many previous years from the same crops (when the tomato was sold on the streets at one rupee a kilo). Most of the times farmers themselves are unwilling to disclose this bitter truth so that they can bask in the current glory!

2) Farmers who make honorable profit through cash crops (like arecanut, etc). Such farmers also go through the cycle of price crash once in a while but nevertheless they are mostly in the pink. But most of these crops take at least 10 years to reach this stage and they would have suffered significant losses till then and the later profits offset the losses carried forward. (Caveat: This is not applicable to those who simply inherited old farms where cash crops are already doing well). In any case, these profits don't turn out to be too significant to attract income tax.

3) Politicians who are in the guise of farmers and parked their money (black or white) in farm land. We have already heard about some famous politicians (one from Maharashtra and a few from Karnataka) who have disclosed crores of profits from agriculture. These politicians also run other businesses and have other sources of income and this income is routed through agriculture to avoid income tax. 

Myth#2: Farming is highly subsidized and there are many monetarily beneficial schemes for them.

Reality: Partially true. Many farming tools, fartilizers, seeds and other farm inputs are available to farmers at subsidized prices. But there are three problems with this.

1) There is not unlimited fund for subsidies. I have had many instance where when I approached in April, I was told that the funds were not yet released, and when I approached again in June I was told that the funds were exhausted.

2) Most of the subsidies are meant to be "loopback system" for the politicians (in the guise of farmers) to take the money from the government. It is the politician who parks the money in farm land, announces the schemes for farmers and takes the money from the govt departments through these schemes using their connections. The really deserving farmer is left with taking loans from unscrupulous entities and suffer for years.

3) Corruption in the system is so high that  even those who benefit from the schemes will get less than 25% of the actual amount they were supposed to get even after too much of running around.

Myth#3: Farmers get free electricity.

Reality: In most of the country, farmers get free electricity for pumpsets only. Otherwise for their domestic purpose they still pay for their usage. Even the free electricity for pumpsets comes with a lot of trouble, making it useless and sometimes dangerous. For example, there will not be any power during the entire day when the farmer is working and looking to water the plants. Many times this free power is given past midnight and the farmer has to be awake and get into the fields at these ghostly hours, exposing them to dangers like snakes, etc. Many farmers have found a workaround for this. They leave the pumpsets always open so that the fields get watered whenever there is power. This is leading to too much wastage of water and sometimes overwatering too. Many sensible farmers have started demanding "paid power" for their pumpsets so that they can get power when required and use it wisely.

Myth#4: Farmer is "Annadata" (Giver of Food) and therefore he/she should not sell "Anna" (i.e. food).

Reality: This very old and noble concept doesn't hold good in the new age. But still there are many people who are sticking to the same expectation when they visit a farm. They want to take away a varieties of things free of cost. 

Interestingly, there are many farmers who strongly believe in this principle and practice it. Of course, there is nothing right or wrong about this and it is left to themselves as long as they can sustain it.

Myth#5: Farmer has a lot of free time.

Reality: Once again in the current age, farmer, apart from doing farming activities, will also have to take care of keeping the accounts, marketing, selling, processing/value addition, etc. and each of these is time-consuming and also costs money. Still many people simply drop in and expect them to be taken around the farm (and give freebies).

I am sure there could be some more such myths and I will keep on updating this as and when I come across them. 




Wednesday 11 January 2023

Self-Appraisal after a decade into farming

#TenYearsOfChiguruFarm @Chiguru Farm

What an incredible journey it has been...

Now it is a full decade since I started farming and 8 years since I quit my job to take up farming as my full-time profession. It is seven years since we ventured into Agri-Tourism. 

Started off with many dreams and fulfilled quite a lot of them.

Converted a chemical farm to organic farm and slowly turned into Natural Farm. (If you are not sure about the differences, you can read my earlier blog about this).
Seen the transformation taking place in front of our own eyes. Improved soil quality, diversification of crops, increased birds and insects population, reduced human intervention, improved ground water, improving yield over the years, to name a few.
Chiguru Farm has now turned out to be a "showcase farm" for many first-generation farmers to start organic farming, without having to do much trial-and-error.

I did write my experience with farming when I had finished six years as full-time farmer.

I also wrote a self-appraisal before that, six years after I started farming.

Obviously I don't want to repeat whatever I wrote earlier. This blog will only have anything new or that has changed since then. 

Just a reminder (for myself) of the long-term goals we set out for:
   1) Start organic farming in order to grow healthy food for ourselves.
   2) Stay connected to nature
   3) Prove that chemical-free farming can be sustainable, so that more people are encouraged to take it up. Be an example for the farmers in the vicinity.
   4) Spread the knowledge of chemical-free farming among the locals and city-folks, school kids and families and sensitize them about what it takes to grow healthy food.
   5) Generate some local employment and trigger a "reverse-migration" from cities.
   6) Get integrated with the local village community and carry out activities that shall help them.

Here we go on the status/progress/achievements...
1) Our efforts with rain water harvesting are showing results now with improved groundwater level and one of the dried up borewells started functioning three years back. Even our rain water harvesting ponds are now turning into Natural Ponds with water staying almost through the year and we have started seeing guppies/fishes and turtles too, which have emerged in them naturally.
2) We can notice the change in the soil as it looks more carbon-rich now. We started with a carbon content of 0.8% and improved to 1.3% in seven years. Another soil test is pending now to confirm that it has further improved in last three years.
3) #GrowWhatYouEat has been our focus. We are reaching 85-90% self-sustenance in terms of food in the farm, as Paddy got added this year. When I say self-sustenance in food, it is not only for ourselves, but includes all our guests which is a significant number. Having Desi cows has helped us in this to a large extent.
4) Self sustenance in farming is one of the key things in Natural Farming. We bring only a few things like neem cake, traps, etc from outside. Other than that, there are no external inputs for farming. No external inputs like cowfeed too. We grow our own green grass and dry hay is from ragi and paddy. Our cows graze out in the field (controlled grazing) and therefore they are healthy too, without needing much attention to their health.
5) Further move towards sustainable living with domestic power completely on solar, hot water through solar geyser. Grey water filtering and recycling this water is also fully functional since four years.
6) Food-forest is functional and thriving with more than 40 varieties of fruit trees and many other forest trees. We have created a more bio-diverse farm now through multi-cropping which are mostly cultivated as inter-crops between the trees.
7) Local employment... we have 12 locals working in the farm full time and another 5 almost full time. Another 5-10 people work in our farm for at least 150 days in a year. These numbers exclude the indirect employment generated through our Agri-Tourism.
8) Agri-tourism and direct-selling are helping us achieve self-sufficiency in farming. With these, we are able to break-even consistently, which is a big achievement for any farmer.
9) 
We have touched close to 12000 people in these seven years including school kids, through our niche initiatives like experiential farm outings and stay, fruit picking, nature camps and star-gazing events. Schools have started noticing the value add from our educational farm tours and nature camps and they keep coming back, while new ones get added although it is difficult to make them understand in a crowded market of Resorts masked as Farms.
We have consciously kept Agri-Tourism low-key so that it doesn't result in straining the natural resources and divert our focus from farming.
10) Sailed through the CoVID crisis which threw in big challenges of selling our produce apart from closing it for guests for extended period. It was difficult to survive. Thoughts had crossed our minds to quit farming and agri-tourism activities. There were attempts to sabotage us and pull us down, but our own passion kept us floating.
This also worked as a blessing for us as we were able to spend almost two years in the farm and get ourselves convinced that what we are doing is right and we really want to take this forward. We were also convinced that we can definitely settle down in the farm whenever we want without any hesitation.
11) Where alcoholism is rampant and ruining families in the surrounding villages, our "no-alcohol" policy has been driving home the ill-effects of alcoholism, without any preaching.
12) Many city folks have started farming (part-time or full-time) after visiting Chiguru Farm and these new farms are modeled after Chiguru Farm and they, together with us, form #ChiguruFarmCommunity. 
13) Started Farm Consultancy to help first-generation farmers to setup their own organic farms, starting with the design of the farm, based on our own experience of ten years.
14) Taken a bigger step in the past one year towards helping larger sections of the society. This includes active participation in the community initiative of setting up Kanakapura Organic Producer Company to encourage more farmers to take up organic farming and help them get direct access to the market at fair price. (Note: I have no intention of hijacking the enormous efforts put in by the youngsters who are driving this initiative. I would rather appreciate and support their efforts in whatever way I can). Also started participating in workshops across the state to help farmers to start their own Agri-Tourism projects.

Everything looks rosy? Why not? As long as it brings a lot of joy and satisfaction, everything IS rosy!!! Of course it takes a lot of commitment and determination, paired with passion. Added to that is the support from family, friends, well-wishers and many like-minded strangers. 

Continuing the journey of self-sustenance... #AtmaNirbhar #VocalForLocal


Monday 21 November 2022

Chiguru Farm Produce and Products

Here is a list of things that we produce and sell. Of course, everything is seasonal and we may or may not have them in stock at any point of time. Price also varies from time to time and therefore I have not listed down the prices here.





















Fruits

- Sapota/Chikku

- Banana - G9/Robusta/Pachbale

- Guava (Allahabad Safed)

- Mango (Alphonso, Totapuri, Raspuri, Suvarnarekha)

- Litchi

Oils

- Regular coconut oil

- Cold pressed coconut oil

- Cold pressed groundnut oil

Pickles 

- Turmeric pickle (in mustard oil)

- Amatekayi (Indian hogplum) pickle - oil free

- Raw mango pickle - oil free

- Lemon pickle with red chilly powder - oil free

- Lemon pickle with green chilly - oil free

Other

- Turmeric Powder

- Fresh turmeric

- Ragi 

- Ragi flour

- Unpolished toordal

- Unpolished rice (Ratnachoodi)

- Honey

- Drumstick leaves

- Banana stem/flower

- Togarikayi

Friday 18 November 2022

Some genuine chemical-free produce sellers (online, offline and direct)

Here is a compilation of genuine sellers of chemical-free produce either through online or offline shops or even directly to customers, without any shops. This is apart from our own Chiguru Farm, whose seasonal produce are mostly sold directly. The list includes those who sell raw/fresh products, those who make end products and sell, those who sell seeds, plants, natural soaps, cleaning products, etc.

Note: 

1) I am consciously using the word "chemical-free" as the word "organic" has become controversial and getting misused. 

2) There is no specific order in the list and it is just a random jot-down.

3) I have listed only the sellers whose produce I buy either regularly or once in a while or tried out at least one of their produce. Most of those who made it to this list have at least one person who is personally known to me and deeply involved in their venture. 

Navadarshanam - one of the oldest farming communities close to Bangalore, which inspires many sustainable living enthusiasts like me. Their products are available in many outlets in Bangalore and they also have a few pickup clusters in Bangalore.\

Subhiksha F2C A noble initiative by Savayava Krishi Parivara started by visionary progressive farmer Purushottama Rao near Tirthahalli decades ago. Disclosure: I am one of the shareholders of this initiative.

A Green Venture Making Sustainable Living Accessible by Kavya Chandra. Offers a range of products, services and experiences directly from farms.

Akkadi Roots Passionately run by my good friend Ravi Arehalli, just to help the farmers out.

Greenpath run by Mr. Jayaram, one of the pioneers of chemical-free farming near Bangalore. He has organic shops, restaurants, wellness centers, etc.

Abhay Farm Flagship BaKaHu (raw banana powder) apart from many other genuinely organic products

NGV Natural  Ready to cook banana stem, banana flowers, raw banana, raw jackfruit, bamboo shoots, for busy professionals and many other things from enterprising Naveen G V.

Jaivik Sattva (Whatsapp 8431540724) by Kanakapura Organic Producer Co. Ltd. (Insta: @jaiviksattvaorganic) A group of Small and Marginal Farmer practicing Sustainable Organic Farming. A recent player in the block. Disclosure: I am one of the shareholders of this initiative and part of the Advisory Board

Gaustuti from Prof. Srinivas Abhilash

Thara Naturals run by my friend Harish Yadav Bala

Jagdeesh Natural Farms run with missionary zeal by Shri Jagdeesh Reddy, one of the ardent followers and proponents of Natural Farming

Kaulige Foods Bangalore's Millet Hub run by Arun.

Desiri Primarily making waves in varieties of cold pressed oils, although they have many other genuine quality products on sale.

Sahaja Organics one of the oldest and professionally run farmers collectives. Great for food items as well as heirloom (Nati) seeds

Farmizen run by Shameek is helping several farmers get exposure to the market and sell their products at a reasonable price.

Jivabhumi Run by Lakshminarayan by genuinely verifying the source of each product. He also runs Bettada Budada Thota in Kanakapura Taluk

Buffalo Back run by Vishala who also runs Buffalo Back Collective which works with the local community.

Akshayakalpa India's first certified Organic Milk. Shashikumar has been highly innovative with different milk-based products and passionate about recycling. Apart from enabling several dairy farmers keep cows in a sustainable way, they also have launched several new products which can be ordered through their app.

Hariyalee Seeds varieties of seeds, including exotic ones, from Dr. Prabhakar's Aditi Farms

Hooga Native Seed Keepers Collective run by Sowmya Balasubramaniam and team

Ethical Tribes by Dhanu Kumar mainly for cow ghee, cold pressed oils, etc

HNP Swadeshi Marukatte by Nataraj at Basaveshwarnagar, Bangalore for groceries

Farmers Market at Bangalore Creative Circus

Weekly farmers market at Ragi Kana meeting hotspot of many genuine chemical-free farmers

Teja Nursery & Farms Bangalore's only Organic Farm, run by Shri Shivanapura Ramesh, who can also offer you advice on plant care.

Soil & Soul by Priti Rao and team of women

Eco 3R products by Brics (Biological Research Innovation Centre and Solutions) Bio - Natural Home Care and Personal Care products

Honeyday Bee Farms by Apurva for authentic honey, bee products and trainings in beekeeping

Nirmal Nisarg in Savadatti, Belagavi District, from Santhosh Rayappa Kittur (82175 97075). Mainly for natural jaggery

Subhash (95918 55678) from Chamarajanagara for jaggery, honey, cow ghee and many other products


Friday 16 September 2022

Different perspectives of a farm

 "A farm is a place where animals live" is the most common answer of any 3-5 year old urban Indian kid in reply to "What is a farm?" question. I wondered for many days about what could be the reason for this and finally it dawned on me to blame our good "Old McDonald". This farmer keeps nothing but animals in his farm!

A Poultry Farm or a Sheep Farm comes to the minds of many people when the "Farm" word is mentioned. Few others think of places where vegetables are grown. 

There is another category of people for whom a farm is a place for fun and frolic amidst greenery and fresh air. Of course the definition of "fun n frolic" varies from person to person.

Many others value a farm as a place where one can observe and learn a lot of things that they have read about in their schools. They are comfortable with the bugs, insects, reptiles, birds, animals etc that are found in a farm. There are a few who consider farm as a muddy place where you will find yucky things like - what else? -  bugs, insects, reptiles, birds, animals etc and animal poop!

These are just different perspectives of a farm and none of them is wrong or right! For example, anyone who expects to breathe fresh clean air gets disappointed when he/she enters a commercial farm where high quantity of chemicals are used for farming. 

What is my idea of a farm? It is a place where our food is grown in a healthy way. Ideally, it should be a place where we grow (and prepare) everything we eat (and conversely, eat what we grow). It could be grains and pulses, vegetable and fruits, spices, nuts, flowers, dairy, mushrooms and animals as per our food habits. The priority should be on becoming self-sufficient but any excess amount can be sold. A farm should also be a place where we nurture the nature at least in a small way because the idea of "farming" is an anti-thesis for nature. As the old saying goes, the nature started getting spoilt from the day man started farming. Although it is true a large extent, farming has now become a necessary evil and responsible farming close to nature is what we should strive for.

Interestingly, many people spell and pronounce "Farm" as "Form" and "Farmer" as "Former". And I prefer the former! 😀


Saturday 28 May 2022

CHARDHAM YATRA

NOTE: This is the first non-farming POST on my blog. :-)

INTRODUCTION

Four (“Char”) holy shrines (“Dham”) located in Uttarakhand State of India form a pilgrimage circuit (“Yatra”) among devotees from across India and world over. Following are the four sites:

  • Yamunotri – where river Yamuna (a tributary of Ganga) originates from

  • Gangotri – close to the place where river Ganga (called Bhagirathi here) originates from. (Actual origin is another 10kms upstream at Gaumukh which can be reached through a tough hike)

  • Kedarnath – Siva's adobe. One of the 12 jyotirlingas

  • Badrinath – Where Lord Vishnu resides as a “Guru”

Typically most of the devotees visit all the four “Dhams” in a single trip although each of them can be visited separately as they are all around 200-300kms apart from each other and also from the nearest big cities like Dehradun or Haridwar/Rishikesh.

PLANNING

For the pilgrims coming from outside Uttarakhand, the Chardham Yatra officially starts from Rishikesh as there is registration and checking process for individuals and vehicles. Rishikesh is in the plains and easily accessible by Road & Train from other locations of India, including New Delhi. It is also accessible by Road from Dehradun, which has Airport. So, Piligrims can fly to Delhi or Dehradun and then proceed to Rishikesh (via Haridwar where you can stay overnight if required) by Road travel. Delhi to Haridwar is around 5-6hrs travel and Rishikesh is another 1-2hrs from there.

The Yatra route is kind of a circle and most of the people visit the shrines in the order of Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath and return to Rishikesh. However, reverse order is also fine.

Minimum time required from Rishikesh to Rishikesh for completing the Chardham Tour by road is 10 days. Most of the road travel has to be done during the day itself and it is not safe to travel during the night time due to landslides and unpredictable mountain climate. It is also good to keep some buffer time for unforeseen delays during travel and trek due to changing weather, traffic jams and queues. Just to give an example, although a distance of 200kms seems doable in 5-6hrs, most of the times it takes 10-12hrs. Therefore you will have to plan to stay overnight in hotels/dorms/campsites on transit from one Dham to other.



If you book a group tour from a travel agent, many of them offer road/rail/air travel from major cities of India.

If you don't want such group tours and would prefer a package for your own family/group you can still book through a travel agent or do it yourself.This is what we did.

There are also helicopter tours available from Dehradun covering all the four “Dhams” in 5 days. This blog doesn't cover the helicopter tour.

PREPARATION

In Hindu tradition, a “Yatra” is expected to be tough and tiring. Beauty of any “Yatra” is that the journey itself is a part of “Yatra” apart from the destination and therefore we should enjoy the entire journey which nestles through the picturesque Himalayan locales. There is no dull moment as the lure of the Himalayas is never ending!

Considering the fact that Chardham are located in the Himalayas at significant altitude, it definitely is not an easy affair. You have to physically and mentally prepare yourself for long journey and arduous hikes to get a “Darshan” of the diety in its adobe and get blessings. First of all, you should get acclamatized to the high altitude climate where oxygen is thin, making it difficult to breath and walking 100meters feels like a kilo meter. Regular physical exercise, walking, running, work out and breathing exercises/pranayama etc for at least month will help.

Visit to Gangotri and Badrinath temples doesn't involve much of walk/trek/hike as your vehicle goes quite close to the temple. However, it could be quite cold/rainy/snowy etc while you wait in queue for Darshan and you should be prepared well for such situations.

Visit to Yamunotri and Kedarnath needs much more preparation as they involve steep and slippery trek of 7kms and 16kms respectively and you have to return by the same route either on the same day or next day. Minimum requirement is to have a backpack, suitable walking/hiking shoes, hiking sticks, raincoat, warm clothes and some dump bags to carry your wet/damp/soiled shoes and clothes. (Single use raincoats are available everywhere, but it is not a good idea to buy them. Better to carry your own raincoat in order to reduce plastic waste). For those who cannot walk so much distance, there are options like palanquins (“doli”), baskets (“kandi”) and pony ride from different points of the trek. However all these options are considerably painful and dangerous.

TRAVEL

As mentioned earlier, Chardham Yatra officially starts from Rishikesh with registration and checking of individuals and vehicles. Ideally this should be done in couple of hours, but on a crowded day it can take much longer, threatening to derail your entire Yatra itinerary. This is exactly what happened to us. We were 9 people together including a 6-yr old boy and one 70+ yrs old lady. We flew into Delhi from Bangalore and we had hired a Tempo Traveller from Delhi to Delhi roundtrip for 12 days and travelled to Haridwar and stayed there overnight after visiting Mansa Devi Temple there. Started from Haridwar at around 7AM on Day2 and reached Rishikesh where our driver dropped us for sight-seeing and went for the vehicle checkup to get “Green Pass” and get all of us registered. This is a must as there are checkpoints on the way for verifying this. We finished sight-seeing in Rishikesh in a few hours and kept waiting for the driver to pick us up for the onward travel, wondering whether we would be forced to drop our Yamunotri plan next day. (That was the fate of another group which had travelled the day before and the process of getting Green Pass spilled over to the next day and they had to drop the Yamunotri plans). We were supposed to reach Barkot on the same day by 5PM and we were picked up from Rishikesh around that time! Reached Barokot at midnight passing through traffic jams, etc and checked into a Hotel. (There are a few accommodations like lodge/dorm/tents/guest houses on Barkot-Janki Chatti route and also at Yamunotri. You can book one of those and stay there instead of staying in Barkot, depending the travel time).

YAMUNOTRI

Start of the trek toYamunotri is from Janki Chatti which is around 40kms from Barkot, but takes 4-5hrs to reach. We left Barkot at around 4AM on Day3 and reached Janki Chatti by 8AM. The trek route to Yamunotri is 7kms long and quite narrow, where we have to negotiate our path with those who have hired pony, those who are being carried by four people on palanquins and those who are being carried in baskets on the back of porters. The route passes through jungle along the Yamuna river valley with beautiful streams, waterfalls and viewpoints. It is quite steep and gets steeper half-way-through (where Bairav Mandir is located) and it is very slippery due to the horse dung and urine all the way. Added misery will be the smell of horse dung all around and on your clothes and occasional rain which makes it more slippery and cold. (You will have to live with this smell for the rest of your Yatra!). Many parts of this path don't have any side railings making it extremely risky to traverse through, particularly when you are jostling for space with the crowd and the ponies.


Last patch of downhill trek leads you to the Yamunotri temple. Cross a bridge across the Yamuna river and climb a few steps to enter the temple. There is a hot water spring inside the temple (called Surya Kund). You can take a dip here or cook some rice in it or simply sprinkle some water from it on yourself before having Darshan of “Yamuna Maiya”. You can also see “Divya Shila” from where Yamuna river is believed to originate from.

Start the return trek soon after to reach your parking lot well in time so that you don't get stuck in traffic jam on your return journey to Barkot. By the time we reached our vehicle it was well past 5PM and we reached our Barkot hotel at 10PM only and therefore we had to ditch our dinner! Retired to bed with a sense of accomplishment. All the kids did it too, by walk!

GANGOTRI

Day4 was a bit relaxed and therefore we started from Barkot post-breakfast and reached Uttarkashi in the evening although it is just 90kms. As usual, winding hilly roads are a norm. Visited the beautiful Kashi Vishwanath Temple at Uttarkashi, which is located in a bowl-like area surrounded by tall mountains. This temple also houses one of the oldest religious symbols in India – a huge Trishul made of stone. Our hotel was slightly outside the Uttarkashi town on way to Gangotri, right next to the Bhagirathi river, with amazing views all around. We could walk down to the river but the skies opened up!

Started Day5 at 6AM. Drive to Gangotri was around 100kms and it took 4hrs. Not much walk from the parking although your vehicle may have to be parked slightly away due to heavy rush. We had to walk around 1km. Ganga river is called Bhagirathi here, as it was King Bhagirath who made Ganga descend on earth from here to save mortals. First look at Ganga gushing through the gorges here can make you emotional. The water is melted from the glaciers and therefore freezing cold and the current is quite powerful. Therefore it is not easy to take a dip here although you would love to do it.

Wait for couple of hours for Darshan of Ganga Maiya in the temple, gazing at the snowclad mountain peaks and a sense of insignificance of ourselves prevails. Of course the river itself originates from another 10kms upstream at Gaumukh, which can be approached through a tough hike, which we couldn't attempt.


Return journey after this to our hotel near Uttarkashi was more or less eventless except for some traffic jams on the way. We reached before dark with some time to stroll through the riverbank behind the hotel. Unfortunately we couldn't spend much time there as it started raining.

KEDARNATH

Day6 was a long travel day and we started a bit late losing time in gathering some cash. We got stuck in traffic jam for more than an hour in front of our hotel itself. After more than 13 hours travel, a few traffic jams and a landslide on the way, we reached our hotel at Sitapur at midnight. There are many other places like Guptkashi, etc where you can stay instead of going all the way till Sitapur or Sonprayag for stay.

Sonprayag is the starting point for Kedarnath Yatra. Our hotel at Sitapur was around 1.5kms away from Sonprayag and we had to walk up this distance as there was already a traffic jam at 3AM. (Of course this means that we could hardly sleep for an hour or so!). This was Day7.

From Sonprayag, you have the option to take a taxi to Gaurikund or walk up once again, which is 5kms away. Knowing very well that the trek from Gaurikund is another 16kms, we didn't want to exhaust ourselves in the beginning itself and therefore decided to wait for the taxi. And how long? Almost 4 hours! Felt that walking would have been more prudent. Finally reached Gaurikund, from where the actual trek is counted. Therefore whenever and whereever you read that trek to Kedarnath is 16kms, don't believe it blindly. Invariably it turns out to be not less than 18kms in the best case and can go upto 23kms. This route is not as steep as the route to Yamunotri, and a little wider, but the distance is three times that. Some of us wanted to hire Dolis (palanquins) and realized that there were very less number of Dolis to Kedarnath and all of them were booked the day before itself. So only options left were pony, basket or walk. Some of us hired basket whereas most of us decided to walk. (It actually feels quite sad to hire the basket where the porter has to lift our entire weight and walk all the way). For hiring a pony, we had to walk another km. All the porters started walking and a few of us wanted to keep pace with them. Soon a host of realizations started setting in. First of all, it is too tough terrain and it is very difficult to keep pace with seasoned porters. Secondly, we were all completely dispersed and we didn't have any contact information of the porters who were carrying our elderly and children. A little later we also realized that the only option to be able to catch up with those who went ahead was to hire pony. Although we never met them on the way most probably due to the large crowd that was proceeding towards Kedarnath, we managed to reach the top much earlier than the rest of the people, eagerly waiting for those who were being carried, while not being sure whether they had already reached. Much to our relief, the kids arrived first and that was by walk, along with the porters who were supposed to be carrying them in their baskets. The porters found it difficult to climb the steep route and asked the children to walk. We still had to wait for the elderly and those who were walking up to reach. Finally all of them arrived, while there was a heavy downpour amidst shivering cold. The elderly person was also made to get down from the basket and made to ride a pony. There is a further walk to 2.5kms from this point till the temple.

Accommodation at Kedarnath is very limited and mostly dormitory, Dharmashala or tents. All of these should be prebooked, or else you have to be prepared to walk back soon after Darshan at the temple. Our room was right next to the temple, offering a wonderful view of the temple brightly lit in pink colour from our balcony. We could see the evening “Arti” from here, and soak into the divine vibrations. Of course the biting cold was a spoiler and therefore most of us retired to bed soon after an exhausting day, to be able to get up at 3AM again for Darshan.

On Day8, we waited in the queue for more than 4 hours to get Darshan at 7AM. The mesmerizing view of the sunrise behind the temple with mountain peaks covered in the snow forming the background is a surreal experience. You won't realize how long you have waited in the queue. If you manage to enter the temple before 6AM, you get to participate in “Abhishek” of Baba Kedarnath, which we missed. Nevertheless, the divine presence can be felt all around. (You also have option to book some Puja or Abhishek online on the previous evening so that you get direct access inside the temple at around 1AM itself. We missed this opportunity too).

After the Darshan, it is a must to go behind the temple where you get to see a miracle which took place in 2013 during the flash floods. A huge stone, exactly the width of the temple, had rolled down from the mountain peak and stopped at around 20mts distance from the temple, blocking the water flow and splitting it into two streams. It feels like someone lifted the stone from somewhere and brought it and placed it in the right place to save the temple. Even if the stone had rolled forward a little more, it could have damaged the temple. The entire sight increases our belief multifold.


It is also worth visiting the Adi Shankara memorial behind the temple which is still under construction. The big black stone statue which was carved in Mysore has a calming effect on our minds.

On our way back from Kedarnath to Gaurikund, many of us decided to ride pony in order to avoid distress due to the disparsal of our family members. This was a good decision and we came down much faster, passing through a few scary moments and some traffic jams (yes! Traffic jams of people, pony, etc although there is no “wheeled” traffic) on the way. At this moment, we realized that there is a hot-water-spring at Gaurikund, where we could have taken a bath before climbing up to Kedarnath. Due to all the confusion while going up, we had not noticed the views and scenery on the way and we enjoyed it on the way back. There are several streams and waterfalls and thick forest all around, apart from the River Alakananda next to you in the deep valley.

As usual, there was a queue for taxi from Gaurikund to Sonprayag, but much smaller this time. We got a taxi within half an hour and walked 1.5kms from Sonprayag to our hotel in Sitapur. The others in the group who were completly trekking down reached later in the evening. As soon as we reached Sonprayag, we heard the news that Kedarnath Yatra has been suspended due to bad weather!

BADRINATH

Day9 once again involved a long travel of 12+ hrs and we started at around 9AM after breakfast. We continue our travel next to Alakananda river and take a turn to go along Mandakini later. There are a few confluences/Sangams on the way, some of which we visited on the way back from Badrinath. Despite skipping these places while going, we ended up reaching Badrinath at midnight due to multiple traffic jams. Luckily it was not as cold as in Kedarnath.

Badrinath temple was around half a km away from our hotel and we went there at 3AM on Day10. The sight of this colourful ancient temple is imposing. Took a customary (and mandatory) dip in the hot water spring called Tapt Kund, which is considerably neatly maintained. This dip really soothed our tired nerves. After that stood in the queue for 2 hours for Darshan of Lord Badri Vishal. There are many other small shrines inside the compound. Towering Nar and Narayan peaks signifying the connection between the human and the divine provide a magnificient background to the temple, with several snow-fed streams and waterfalls.

After the Darshan went back to the hotel for little rest, after which we set off to Mana village, the so called “India's last village”. China border is another 16kms from here, beyond the Mana Pass on top of yet another Himalayan peak. On the way we noticed that the queue for Darshan at Badrinath temple had grown upto 3kms!

Mana Village has some important sites to visit and we managed to visit a few of them as all of us were very tired. We paid obeisance to Lord Ganesha and Sage Vedavyasa, who joined together to write the Mahabharata and other Puranas sitting in Ganesh Gufa and Vyas Gufa at Mana Village. This is the only place where you get to see the mystical Saraswati river after which it disappers under the Bhimpul, a huge rock across the river which was supposed to be placed by Bhima for Draupadi to cross the river. Saraswati seems to join river Mandakini here, although the belief is that it flows undreground from here and re-emerges at Triveni Sangam near Prayagraj. There is a Saraswati Mandir at this place next to the Bhimpul and offers amazing 360-degree view of the landscape.

The highlight of Badrinath, apart from the divinity was the availability of true South Indian food for all of us who were tired of rotis and dals. Most of the big “Mutts” from across India have a branch in Badrinath and they serve food to the devotees (and also offer simple accommodation). We managed to go to one of these Mutts and had a heartful South Indian meal. Any small contribution from the beneficiaries is appreciated here.

We set off on our return journey on Day10 from Badrinath post-lunch heading to Pipalkoti, passing through Vishnu Prayag (confluence of Dhauliganga and Alakananda).

The day being Narasimha Jayanti, we thought it appropriate to stop near the Narsing Temple at Joshimath and have Darshan of Lord Narasimha. A steep climb down from the place where we parked the vehicle led us to this ancient temple, which is also famous as the place where Adi Shankara attained enlightenment. Joshimath is also the place where one of the four Shankaracharya Peethas is located. Joshimath is also close to the famous Valley of Flowers and the sacred Sikh shrine of Hemkund Sahib.

We managed to reach our hotel at Pipalkoti just before dark. This is more of a stop over to break long journeys. Nevertheless it offers beautiful views of the river valley and mountain peaks and worth staying overnight.

On Day11 we left Pipalkoti and travelled towards Haridwar on yet another long journey. We passed through Karan Prayag (confluence of Pinder and Alakananda, and Nand Prayag (confluence of Nandakini and Alakananda - Yes it's Nandakini, about which I had never heard before!) and Rudra Prayag (confluence of Mandakini and Alakananda).We can notice the dominance of River Alakananda everywhere.

Huge pile up of vehicles near Rishikesh ensured that we once again reached our hotel close to midnight only. The highlight on this route was Dev Prayag which is the confluence of Mandakini and Alakananda. From here, it is called the Ganga. A dip in this place is a must for all those who want “Ganga Snana”. You can notice the difference in color between Mandakini and Alakananda clearly and how Alakananda overpowers the other.


We had planned to attend Ganga Arti at Haridwar, which got drowned in traffic jams. We didn't even get proper dinner just like most of the other days during this Yatra.

With this, the Chardham Yatra came to a happy ending, with lots of memories, satisfied mind, grateful heart and feeling lucky for having successfully visited all the four Dhams as planned.

We left for Delhi next morning on Day12 and flew back to Bangalore from there.

NOTES

  • A “Yatra” is NOT a fun trip or sight-seeling trip or visit to a tourist place. It is much different from any of these and comes with lots of hardships. We should take them on our stride and have the right mindset to enjoy all these.

  • The safety aspects during the entire Chardham Yatra, particulaly during the trek to Yamunotri and Kedarnath are really scanty and need a lot of improvement. On crowded days, you should feel lucky to return safely from the trek.

  • Among your family/group if you plan to use different modes of travel (walk/pony/palanquin/basket) for different people/luggage, please don't assume that you can all go together. It is almost impossible to keep up the pace with all and most of the porters don't abide by the rules set by you. It is also dangerous to change your pace forcefully just to catch up with others. Therefore it is most likely that you will all be dispersed after a while and mobile signal is not always available. This can lead to panic situation. Wise thing is to take the mobile number of the porter and also take a picture of him along with his id card at the time of hiring him. (One of our groupmates lost her backpack which she had sent with a Porter and he couldn't be traced at the destination).

  • Ideally hire the porters/pony etc from the prepaid counters setup by the govt. They are there at multiple places along the route and it is better to walk that extra mile to locate them as you will not be fleeced by them and tracking is much easier in case of any eventuality.

  • Don't send your minor kids or elderly people separately on pony/palki etc while you continue to walk as separation from them can result in different kind of problems. It is better to go together through similar means in such case.

  • The Yatra can be stopped by the authorities at any point of time due to weather conditions. In that case be prepared to drop the plan for one Dham and proceed with the other as it can cause problems with your hotel bookings, etc. Many people who go with the plans to visit all the four Dhams return after visiting only 2-3 Dhams for various reasons like fatigue, sickness, bad weather, landslide, etc.

  • Entire trekking path to Yamunotri and Kedarnath is lined with eateries and places to rest and hydrate yourself. Therefore it is not required to carry much food and water.

  • Eat light but nutritious food through the Yatra, or else it can adversely impact your itinerary. Take care of your health throughout.

  • Govt has done a commendable job by setting up makeshift toilets at regular intervals along the trek route. And they are quite neat and clean.

  • There are basic medical facilities and first aid available throughout the trek route, as the Uttarakhand Govt has setup these centres for the convenience of the pilgrims. There are also free medical facilities setup by charitable organizations which are doing yeomen service to the public.

  • As normal in most of the North Indian temples, the priests or Pandas keep harassing you and try to fleece you in the name of worship, food distribution, etc. There could be some genuine ones, but it is difficult to differentiate and therefore it is advisable to go with some references only. In any case, it is completely left to individuals belief and discretion.

  • Since the travel time and weather are unpredictable, it is better to talk, sleep, eat and relieve yourself whenever there is an opportunity to do so. Don't wait for the right time and/or for you to reach your hotel room for any of these.

  • Expect only basic facilities in all the places, hotels, restaurants etc in this difficult terrain. In some places it is a luxury even to get hot water for bath in freezing temperatures!

  • Expenses : The transport, food and hotel cost (for a somewhat decent hotel, slightly better than a budget hotel/dorm/Dharmashala) Delhi to Delhi will come well within Rs. 40,000/- per adult. This cost varies slightly based on the capacity of the vehicle hired and number of pax in it. Apart from this, if you take pony/doli/kandi etc in the trek route, the cost adds up. Particularly doli and kandi are quite expensive.

    There are public transport options available between cities/towns, which can reduce the cost significantly, but it will take more time.

  • Carry lots of cash (at least 30-40k) as it is not easy to withdraw cash there in the mountains as many times the ATMs will not be functional or they will be out of cash. Online payments are not widely accepted yet, although it is picking up slowly.

  • Jio and BSNL signal is available in most of the places although goes dead in a few patches. So it is wiser to have one of these connections

POSTSCRIPT

All the pain and agony and frustration gets dissolved as soon as you get a glimpse of the shrine and later stand in front of the deity for Darshan in all his/her glory. The energy around the temple, combined with the serene atmosphere makes these Dhams what they are now. It is entirely an experience which can uplift you spiritually. You will feel that all the effort taken by you to reach there was worth every Paisa! It is a memorable experience to be cherished for the entire lifetime.

Having said that, there are a lot of things which can be fixed and improved:

  • Safety and security remains a major concern. Minimum required thing is to fix the side railing all along the trek route. Different/fixed paths for pedestrians and ponies, etc should be considered in the long term.

  • Garbage remains a serious problem as there are piles of it in this sensitive Himalayan ecosystem. Lack of civic sense among the pilgrims is palpable and I have no clue how this can be improved. Govt is putting efforts to clean it up and but it literally is a Himalayan Task and Govt alone cannot handle this. People should own it up.

  • These lifeline rivers like Yamuna and other tributaries of Ganga are garbage-ridden. Yamuna river in Yamunotri is an eyesore despite being surrounded by beautiful snow-clad mountains due to the saris and other clothes thrown into the river in the name of offerings to Yamuna.

  • Water bottles, packaged food, juice, Maggi, single-use raincoats, etc are all over. Although it is good as it reduces the amount of weight we need to carry on our backs, they are all adding to the garbage problem. Some alternatives should be thought about.

One last point to ponder about...

Will I go back for another Chardham Yatra if it is so beautiful, memorable, uplifting, etc?

The answer is a practical one.

Chardham Yatra is considered to be a once-in-lifetime activity.

There are many more places to visit in India including different Yatras, pilgrimage sites, apart from tourist places. So I will consider going back only after visiting other places!

Tuesday 22 March 2022

Is Farming becoming a "Rich Man's Hobby" in India?

Ever since the pandemic hit the humanity, there is a new realisation among many people about healthy food, healthy living, importance of nature, etc. The default eye-catcher is your neighbour or a distant relative, who seem to be leading a "dream life" with a farm and eating food directly from there, strolling down the mud paths of the farm breathing the pure air, etc. Many businesses are encashing on this enlightenment (or craze depending on your point of view). There are companies and individuals offering "managed farms", farm tours, supplying farm-fresh produce, renting/leasing a chunk of farm land, consultancy to setup a farm, farming workshops, etc. Some policy changes by the govt related to buying farm land are assisting this transformation. Slowly but steadily we are able to see a flurry of activities in the farming sector, which is definitely welcome 

There are several people who are jumping into the bandwagon with different objectives like an alternative career, helping the farmers, healthy food, farm-house fun for weekends, etc. Many of them are genuinely pursuing these goals whereas a few have already understood that their current lifestyle cannot be sustained just by farming and they need another source of income to feed them (and the farm!). Many of those who really couldn't sustain the farm life and it's expenses have already moved out of it after trying for couple of years. This has led to the question: Has farming become a "Rich Man's Hobby" in India?

(Un)Fortunately the answer is "YES".

It is absolutely true that the farming sector is always in crisis all around the world. The reasons are many and I am not going to discuss them in this post. But it is true that the soil quality is continuously getting degraded due to uncontrolled use of chemicals and its side effects. This is resulting in less yield for more effort, which causes more distress and make them quit farming.

When the farmers are busy focusing on wading through and surving the current season to recover their expenses and payback the loans, they are caught in a vicious cycle. Any amount of preaching about chemical-free farming falls on deaf ears. Price crash after the harvest makes the farmer frustrated, but once again nothing much can be done to fix it in a market driven by demand and supply. It is also true that most of the staple food India is being grown in excess quantity (although it is full of pesticides) and only option is to reduce the expenses of farming to make some money. Therefore it is important to change the agriculture practices to grow better quality food. It is equally important to change the crop patterns based  on the changed soil and climate as well as the needs of the upwardly mobile middle class. This is were the "Rich, Hobby-farmers" can become the harbingers of freshness in the farm sector. My definition of a "Rich Man" in this context is a person who is into farming, but doesn't depend on the income from the farm and most of the times he/she is ok to spend on the farm from his/her pocket.

Traditional farmer in India is caught up with multiple hurdles like lack of proper education, fragmented small-holdings, expensive machinery vs manual labour, family disputes dragging across generations, etc. This reduces their risk-taking appetite to experiment with new things which most probably will also require some travel and learning. And they cannot afford any failures. The first-generation farmers who are buying the farm land and getting agriculture can afford to travel, study, learn, experiment and fail a couple of times because they are not really dependent on the income from the farm. But in the long run, these are the people who can bring in innovation and change the collective thinking of the traditional farmers. These people can also help in de-fragment and consolidate fragmented land which can lead to optimisation of the farm work and reducing the farm expenses. This is what is the "fortunate" part of this"Rich Man's Hobby".

The unfortunate part is that a sense of fatigue setting in leading to abandoning the farm activity, making it more like a waste land. Farming needs a long-term commitment and passion and any lacuna can bring this fatigue and/or frustration very soon. This can be a real tragedy if the land remains unused forever. I have already come across a few people who have reached this stage. 

I remain optimistic about this new found hobby of the rich man transforming the farm sector and bring it back on track.